Chronic Coronary Heart Disease in Indonesia's National Health Insurance (JKN)
Executive summary
This report describes how people with chronic coronary heart disease use Indonesia's National Health Insurance scheme (JKN), using the BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data for 2017 to 2024. It covers the served disease burden, the spectrum of chronic ischaemic heart disease, hospital severity and length of stay, the use of invasive revascularisation, in-hospital fatality, comorbidity, the cost of care, and equity across regions and membership segments.
The cohort is defined by chronic ischaemic heart disease codes (angina, other chronic ischaemic heart disease, and chronic coronary disease). Acute heart attack is excluded and analysed in a separate report. All population figures are survey-weighted national projections from the sample and describe the population served by JKN, not the true prevalence in the whole population. Cost figures are verified-paid claim values, not official budget realisation.
Questions this report answers
- How many people with chronic coronary heart disease are served by JKN, and how has that population grown?
- How severe are the cases that reach hospital, how long do they stay, and how many die in hospital?
- How many patients receive invasive revascularisation, and how evenly is that access distributed?
- How much does chronic coronary heart disease cost the scheme, and is access equitable across regions and membership segments?
Key findings
- In 2024 about 1,329,867 people with chronic coronary heart disease were served by JKN, and over the full period 2017 to 2024 roughly 3,674,838 unique patients were served, of whom about 34.5 percent were ever admitted to hospital.
- Chronic ischaemic heart disease dominates the served burden: about 83.6 percent of patients carry the chronic coronary disease code, and chronic ischaemic heart disease is by far the most frequent ischaemic-heart-disease diagnosis in the scheme.
- About 1 in 9 hospitalised patients died in hospital, with an in-hospital fatality rate of about 5.01 percent in 2024.
- Invasive revascularisation is limited: only about 9.2 percent of patients underwent a coronary intervention (PCI or CABG) in 2024, roughly 1 in 7 of those treated, pointing to a gap in access to interventional cardiology.
- Spending on chronic coronary heart disease at hospital level reached about Rp 4.84 trillion in 2024, with a typical hospital stay of about 4 days.
- Access to interventional cardiology is concentrated in facilities with catheterisation capacity in large cities, leaving access uneven across provinces and membership segments.