Dengue in Indonesia

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that returns to Indonesia every year, climbing with the rainy season and surging in outbreak years. It ranges from a self-limited fever to severe dengue with plasma leakage and shock, and it places a heavy seasonal load on hospitals.

This page brings together two complementary views of dengue. One looks at the demand side: how many people with dengue are served by the National Health Insurance scheme (JKN), how severe and costly their care is, and how access varies across the country, using the BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. The other looks at the supply side: whether the health system has the workforce, facilities, blood products, financing, and governance to deliver dengue care, organised by the WHO six health-system building blocks. Together they show both the burden the system absorbs and the capacity it has to absorb it.

Key findings

• Dengue served by JKN is highly seasonal and concentrated in hospitals: about 75 percent of patients are admitted, and weighted claims peak in March (around 12 percent of the annual load) and bottom out in September, tracking the rainy season.
• Most served patients are children and young adults, and around 64 percent of cases carry the severe dengue haemorrhagic fever code (A91) rather than classic dengue fever (A90).
• Overall hospital fatality is low at about 0.8 percent, but it rises sharply with age, reaching about 5.8 percent in people aged 65 and over, a pattern consistent with severe dengue alongside other conditions.
• Cumulative JKN hospital spending on dengue over the period is about Rp 5.9 trillion, almost all of it inpatient care, rising and falling with outbreak years (national weighted estimate of roughly Rp 0.25 to 1.49 trillion per year).
• The clinical front line is broad, with 24-hour emergency services in 96.7 percent of hospitals and paediatric services in 91.4 percent, but capacity for severe cases is much thinner: intensive care in 25.7 percent of hospitals and a blood bank in only 27.5 percent, with 30.4 percent of districts having no blood bank at all.
• Specialist capacity for severe dengue is scarce and unevenly spread, including only 40 infection subspecialists nationally and a marked urban concentration of paediatricians and internists (Gini for internal-medicine specialists of about 0.68), so surge capacity for outbreaks and severe cases is the central supply-side gap.

Choose a view

The two analyses can be read independently. Pick the angle that fits your question.