Stroke in Indonesia
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability in Indonesia, and it is time-critical: the chance of survival and recovery depends on how quickly a patient reaches a hospital that can deliver the right treatment. This page brings together two ARC Institute analyses of stroke, drawn from the BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data 2015 to 2024 and from national workforce and facility records.
The two analyses answer different questions. The demand-side analysis looks at the people who reach care: how many stroke patients are served by the National Health Insurance scheme (JKN), how they are treated, how many survive, and what that care costs. The supply-side analysis looks at the system behind that care: whether there are enough neurologists, neurosurgeons, and stroke-ready hospitals, and how unevenly they are spread across the country.
Key findings
- In 2024 about 1.12 million acute stroke patients were served by JKN, roughly 402 per 100,000 members, and about 4.51 million patients were served cumulatively over 2015 to 2024.
- Stroke is dominated by ischaemic and unspecified types, while haemorrhagic stroke is less common but far more lethal: in-hospital case fatality in 2024 was 14.3 percent overall, against 28.1 percent for haemorrhagic and 12.3 percent for ischaemic stroke.
- Community surveys point to a large unmet burden: self-reported stroke prevalence was 10.9 per 1,000 in Riskesdas 2018 and 8.3 per 1,000 in the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey, well above what claims alone capture.
- Stroke claims paid by JKN reached about Rp 7.1 trillion in 2024, with a cumulative total of about Rp 27.1 trillion over 2015 to 2024.
- The system is thin and concentrated: there are about 0.88 neurologists and 0.15 neurosurgeons per 100,000 people, far below the 3 to 5 per 100,000 seen in high-income settings, with 25 percent of districts having no neurologist at all.
- Half of all districts have no hospital with a stroke service, and only about 160 hospitals nationally can perform thrombectomy (5.63 per 10 million people), a mismatch with the golden-hour nature of stroke.
Choose a view
The two analyses are complementary. Read the demand side to understand who is treated and at what cost, and the supply side to understand whether the system can deliver care in time.